A Clockwork Orange Essay Existentialist Analysis

Existentialist Analysis of Burgess A Clockwork Orange Freedom and liberalism are catchwords that appear frequently in both philosophical and political rhetoric. A free man is able to choose his actions and his value system, to express his views and to develop his most authentic character. What this kind of idealistic liberalism seems to forget, however, is that liberty does not mean a better society, better life or humanistic values such as equality and justice. In his novel A Clockwork Orange (1962), Anthony Burgess portrays an ultimately free individual and shows how a society cannot cope with the freedom which it in rhetoric so eagerly seeks to promote. Existentialism as a mid-20th century philosophical trend introduced†¦show more content†¦In his environment Alex does not represent a stereotype of Modern Youth. Unlike his droogs he has significant intellectual and artistic potential. He is smart and calculating and indulges himself with vivid poetic visions through classical music, the height of which is represented by Ludwig van Beethoven. He is an artistic self confined in an environment that severs him from self-expression and self-definition. His artforms and mediums of expression become vandalism, rape, and ultra-violence. In his unrestricted state Alex is truly a-lex, outside the law. The society of A Clockwork Orange is constructed upon struggles for power. Crime is a part of the everyday. Violent street gangs seek power through anarchism, direct authority is represented by a network of corrupt police, and on the highest social level a struggle for political and administrative power is fought. Alex reflects: Power, power, everybody like wants power. As a microcosm of the social mentality, he seems to fit the notion of being a product of his environment. Alexs world is characterized by class collectivism and dullness. For him the middle class remains behind closed doors enjoying the commodities of televised entertainment, while the working spend most of their time at work or asleep. Demarcated from the society by its own language, nadsat, the violent Modern Youth lives in a different world. Thus no accepted form of social identification exists for Alex, and life inShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Need for Brutality in A Clockwork Orange 4668 Words   |  19 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   Burgess A Clockwork Orange, a critically acclaimed masterstroke on the horrors of conditioning, is unfairly attacked for apparently gratuitous violence while it merely uses brutality, as well as linguistics and a contentious dà ©nouement, as a vehicle for deeper themes. Although attacks on A Clockwork Orange are often unwarranted, it is fatuous to defend the novel as nonviolent; in lurid content, its opening chapters are trumped only by wanton killfests like Natural Born Killers. Burgess

American graffit Free Essays

Film review of American Graffiti American Graffiti shows the life in early 1960s and it’s made by George Lucas in 1973. The movie shows a summer night which happened in a small town called Modesto in California and it describes the adventure night about the teenagers who were graduated from high school. There are four main characters in the film called Curt, John, Terry and Steven. We will write a custom essay sample on American graffit or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s describe a life at the end of the summer in a small town called Modesto in 1962. There was a evening about the four best friends and they were graduated from the high school. Curt and Steven decided to leave the town and moved to another places and Curt got the scholarship from the local school, but he had the another though about leaving. When Curt was in the car, he saw a beautiful girl with blonde hair and drive a T- Bird said † I love you† to him, he was so excited and wanted to find the girl while he tried to escape from the gang. Finally, he asked the Wolfman for help, the Wolfman report what Curt wanted to say and the girl called him. Steven was the class president, he also wanted to leave the town but it means e needed to leave his girl friend called Laurie who was the head of cheerleader and Curt’s sister, at that night, they tried to talk with each other to solve the problems. At the same time, Terry and John were cruise around the town in the evening, Terry got the car from Steven and he got the confident to try to give a deep impression on Debbie. John, who is seen as the best of the race with his yellow car, he drove the car with Carol who was a passenger by mistake. Bob Falfa wanted to have a race with John because he tough he was the fastest in the village, but he lose the race. The strengths of this film is it shows the culture in the early 1960s, people can knew what’s the life about at that time and it shows the decision about their future of these four people. For example, Curt got the scholarship from the local high school, at first he did not want to leave the town but steven persuaded him to leave the town to see the world how big was, Curt believed steven said and decided to leave. The weakness of this film is involved some violence and about the gang bully people. For example, he gang in the local village saw Curt while he was sitting at their car, they wanted to bully Curt and did some bad things with him. In the car park, they fght with Curt and John saw that to help Curt. Some of the people would imitation what they see on the TV or film, so it’s not good for the teenagers. In conclusion, American Graffiti is a good film for us, the story is very funny and it can attracted more teenagers to watch it, let more people to know the culture of early American life and after watch the movie, people can make a good decision about their future. american graffit By cyiu How to cite American graffit, Papers

What Do You Understand by Term Epidemiology free essay sample

What do you understand by term Epidemiology? How the study of Epidemiology helps us to know the health status of the community? Discuss the importance of Surveillance in the community health. Epidemiology is the study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why. Epidemiological information is used to plan and evaluate strategies to prevent illness and as a guide to the management of patients in whom disease has already developed. Like the clinical findings and pathology, the epidemiology of a disease is an integral part of its basic description. The subject has its special techniques of data collection and interpretation, and its necessary jargon for technical terms. This short book aims to provide an ABC of the epidemiological approach, its terminology, and its methods. Our only assumption will be that readers already believe that epidemiological questions are worth answering. This introduction will indicate some of the distinctive characteristics of the epidemiological approach. The distribution of disease occurs in patterns in a community. In epidemiology we study these distribution patterns in various subgroups of the population by time, place and person; that is: A. Whether there is an increase or decrease of disease over time; whether there is a higher concentration of disease in one geographic area than in others B. Whether the disease occurs more often in Men or in a particular age-group, and characteristic of those affected and not affected. Study of these patterns may suggest or lead to measure to control or prevention of disease. Also one can formulate an etiological hypothesis of disease through these â€Å"descriptive epidemiology†. Study of Epidemiology helps us in measuring the spread of disease, affected persons, how to prevent the disease from spreading. The following are the studies of Epidemiology: (A)Observational studies: Descriptive Studies 1)Case reports 2)Case series 3)Ecological/Correlation 4)Cross-Sectional/ prevalence Analytical Studies (1)Case control/Case reference (2)Cohort/ Follow-up (B)Experimental Studies/Intervention Studies (1)Randomized controlled trials/Clinical trials (2)Field trials/Community intervention trials (3)Community trials Descriptive Studies: Epidemiological investigations often start with eth case reports and evolve to become a series of cases. The procedure involved in descriptive studies are defining population and the disease under study, describing the disease by time, place and person, measuring the disease (in terms of incidence/prevalence) comparing with known indices and formulating an etiological hypothesis. Descriptive epidemiology may use a cross-sectional or longitudinal design to obtain estimates of the cross section of the population at one point in time. In longitudinal study examinations are repeated in the same population over a prolonged period of time by means of follow-up examination. Analytical Studies: Here the objective is not to formulate, but to test hypotheses. In contrast to descriptive studies that look at entire populations, in analytical studies, the subject of interest is the individual within the population. Here the comparison is made between cause/study group and control groups. Analytical studies may be observational or experimental. Observational Studies: In an Observational study, the epidemiologist assigns subjects to case and comparison groups. This assignment may take place after an event has occurred or before an event has happened. Observational studies are carried out to determine whether or not the statistical association exits between a disease and a suspected cause, and if one exists the strength of association. Cohort study: The starting point of a cohort study is the recording of healthy subjects with and without exposure to the putative agent or the characteristic being studied. Individuals exposed to the agent under study (index subjects) are followed over time and their health status is observed and recorded during the course of the study. In order to compare the occurrence of disease in exposed subjects with its occurrence in non-exposed subjects, the health status of a group of individuals not exposed to the agent under study (control subjects) is followed in the same way as that of the group of index subjects. Case-control study: The starting point of a case-control study is subjects with the disease or condition under study (cases). The cases’ history of exposure or other characteristics, or both, prior to onset of the disease, is recorded through interview and sometimes by means of records and other sources. A comparison group consisting of individuals without the disease under study (controls) are assembled, and their past history is recorded in the same way as for the cases. The purpose of the control group is to provide an estimate of the frequency and amount of exposure in subjects in the population without the disease being studied. Whereas the cohort study is concerned with frequency of disease in exposed and non-exposed individuals, the case-control study is concerned with the frequency and amount of exposure in subjects with a specific disease (cases) and people without the disease (controls). Experimental studies: Here is the subject are observed under predetermined conditions. They involve some action, intervention or manipulation or withdrawal of the suspected cause in the experimental group while making no change in the control group. They provide â€Å"Scientific proof† of etiological factor. Randomized clinical trials are the best examples of experimental studies. Surveillance: It is defined as â€Å"the continuous scrutiny of the factor that determines the occurrence and distribution of disease and other conditions of ill health†. The main objectives of surveillance are: (a)To provide information about new and changing trends in the health status of a population. E. g. morbidity, mortality, nutritional status etc. (b)To provide feed-back for modifying the policy and system itself if needed. (c)To provide timely warning of public health disaster so that interventions can be mobilized. Sentinel Surveillance: No routine notification system can identify all cases of infection or disease. A method for identifying the missing cases and thereby supplementing the notified cases is required. This is known as â€Å"sentinel surveillance†. Surveillance is important in the community health which helps: (1)To study the episodes and trends of disease with a view to prevent and control. (2)Improve surveillance and reporting of notified infectious disease. (3)Increase awareness by the general population and medical practioners and related professions of functions of functions of unit. (4)Create methods to encourage early notification of infectious disease. Provides the bases for epidemiological studies and research. (5)Control and prevent the occurrence of communicable disease.